Free Essays on The Democratic Primary

The Democratic Primary Dynamic With the appointment of President of the United States drawing closer there are numerous individuals competing for the chance to be on the voting form. There are nine contenders for the Democratic Party endeavoring to pick up their gatherings favor for this respect. I will show the various strategies and procedures of the contenders for this essential political decision. They will force you and endeavor to pick up your help by each know strategy and play numerous mental games with people in general so as to accumulate support. I will separate the famous contenders and show their course of action. The Democratic Primary The appointment of 2004 is quickly drawing nearer and the Democratic Party is gathering their best for the race. There are nine applicants that are competing for the party’s underwriting. The law based essential will be a hard faced conflict and all the stops are being pulled so as to impact the voters. The applicants are utilizing each stunt in their arms stockpile to get votes. Every competitor except for Dennis Kucinich has a battle tune. The melodies are even used to influence the mentality of the voters, from Kerry’s â€Å"I Won’t Back Down† by Tom Petty to Gephardt’s â€Å"The Best† by Tina Turner. (WWW.MSNBC.COM) This crusade is boiling down to a mental fight with each up-and-comer utilizing every one of their capacities to influence the vote. John Kerry is utilizing the way that he was a Viet Nam veteran for his full potential benefit. In the Detroit banter when Lieberman interrogated him concerning casting a ballot against the $87 billion assignment for Iraq he addressed â€Å" Well, Joe, I have burned in me an encounter which you don’t have, and that’s the experience of being one of those soldiers on the cutting edges when the strategy has gone wrong.† He proceeded to clarify why his vote was a superior method to secure the soldiers, yet what made ... Free Essays on The Democratic Primary Free Essays on The Democratic Primary The Democratic Primary Theoretical With the appointment of President of the United States drawing closer there are numerous individuals competing for the chance to be on the polling form. There are nine contenders for the Democratic Party endeavoring to pick up their gatherings favor for this respect. I will show the various strategies and systems of the contenders for this essential political decision. They will constrain you and endeavor to pick up your help by each know strategy and play numerous mental games with people in general so as to accumulate support. I will separate the well known contenders and show their blueprint. The Democratic Primary The appointment of 2004 is quickly drawing nearer and the Democratic Party is gathering their best for the race. There are nine competitors that are competing for the party’s underwriting. The vote based essential will be a hard taken on conflict and all the stops are being pulled so as to impact the voters. The competitors are utilizing each stunt in their munititions stockpile to get votes. Every up-and-comer except for Dennis Kucinich has a crusade melody. The melodies are even used to influence the disposition of the voters, from Kerry’s â€Å"I Won’t Back Down† by Tom Petty to Gephardt’s â€Å"The Best† by Tina Turner. (WWW.MSNBC.COM) This crusade is boiling down to a mental fight with each competitor utilizing every one of their capacities to influence the vote. John Kerry is utilizing the way that he was a Viet Nam veteran for his full potential benefit. In the Detroit banter when Lieberman interrogated him regarding casting a ballot against the $87 billion appointment for Iraq he addressed â€Å" Well, Joe, I have burned in me an encounter which you don’t have, and that’s the experience of being one of those soldiers on the bleeding edges when the strategy has gone wrong.† He proceeded to clarify why his vote was a superior method to ensure the soldiers, however what made ...

A Study in to the Behavioural Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in Dissertation

A Study in to the Behavioral Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in a Manufacturing Organization - Dissertation Example The paper tells when the people and their conduct have begun progressively influencing the budgetary control process, there are conditions in which the changing budgetary control and execution desires influence the worker practices. Anyway it so happens that numerous associations receive to some degree robotic way to deal with the budgetary control process without the essential thought of the conduct parts of the people engaged with the entire procedure. Hopewood contends, â€Å"Ultimately all types of control must be communicated through the activities of individuals†. It is regularly overlooked that the objectives and destinations of the association must be cultivated with the assistance and backing of the people related with the association concerned. Consequently it turns out to be crucially significant that the impact of individual conduct on financial plan and the impact of spending plans on the individuals’ game-plan must be deliberately seen to achieve the targe ts of the association absent a lot of weight on representatives and officials at any degree of the association. The weight on people that is being applied by the budgetary procedure for fulfilling the exhibition guidelines must be constrained in its degree. In any case such weight itself will get unfavorable in boosting the commitment by the individual representatives. Also the standards and principles of execution ought to be fixed to such an extent that the representatives ought to have the option to achieve them with more endeavors. Any unreachable norms fixed by the budgetary procedure will lead just to dissatisfaction among the representatives.

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 19, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 24, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.?? According to this school of thought, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner regardless of internal mental states.?? According to this perspective, only observable behavior should be consideredâ€"cognitions, emotions, and moods are far too subjective. Strict behaviorists believed that any person can potentially be trained to perform any task, regardless of genetic background, personality traits, and internal thoughts (within the limits of their physical capabilities). It only requires the right conditioning. Verywell / Jiaqi Zhou A Brief History of Behaviorism Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913 publication of John B. Watsons classic paper, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.?? It is best summed up by the following quote from Watson, who is often considered the father of behaviorism: Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might selectâ€"doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. Simply put, strict behaviorists believe that all behaviors are the result of experience. Any person, regardless of his or her background, can be trained to act in a particular manner given the right conditioning. From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviorism grew to become the dominant school of thought in psychology. Some suggest that the popularity of behavioral psychology grew out of the desire to establish psychology as an objective and measurable science. Researchers were interested in creating theories that could be clearly described and empirically measured but also used to make contributions that might have an influence on the fabric of everyday human lives. Types of Conditioning There are two major types of conditioning: Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally occurring stimulus presenting itself. The associated stimulus is then known as the conditioned stimulus and the learned behavior is known as the conditioned response.?? Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. When a desirable result follows an action, the behavior becomes more likely to occur again in the future. Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again in the future.?? What Should Know About Behavioral Psychology Strengths Focuses on observable, measurable behaviors Scientific and replicable Useful for modifying behaviors in the real-world Useful applications in therapy, education, parenting, child care Weaknesses Does not account for biological influences Does not consider moods, thoughts, or feelings Does not explain all learning Learning can occur through associations. In physiologist Ivan Pavlovs classic experiments, dogs associated the presentation of food (something that naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response) with the sound of a bell, at first, and then the sight of a lab assistants white coat. Eventually, the lab coat alone elicited a salivation response from the dogs.?? The classical conditioning process works by developing an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Different factors can influence the classical conditioning process. During the first part of the classical conditioning process, known as acquisition, a response is established and strengthened. Factors such as the prominence of the stimuli and the timing of presentation can play an important role in how quickly an association is formed. When an association disappears, this is known as extinction, causing the behavior to weaken gradually or vanish. Factors such as the strength of the original response can play a role in how quickly extinction occurs. The longer a response has been conditioned, for example, the longer it may take for it to become extinct.?? Learning can also occur through rewards and punishments. Behaviorist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning as the process in which learning can occur through reinforcement and punishment.?? More specifically, by forming an association between a certain behavior and the consequences of that behavior, you learn. For example, if a parent rewards their child with praise every time they pick up their toys, the desired behavior is consistently reinforced. As a result, the child will become more likely to clean up messes. Reinforcement schedules are important in operant conditioning. This process seems fairly straight forwardâ€"simply observe a behavior and then offer a reward or punishment. However, Skinner discovered that the timing of these rewards and punishments has an important influence on how quickly a new behavior is acquired and the strength of the corresponding response.?? Continuous reinforcement involves rewarding every single instance of a behavior. It is often utilized at the beginning of the operant conditioning process. But as the behavior is learned, the schedule might switch to one of partial reinforcement. This involves offering a reward after a number of responses or after a period of time has elapsed. Sometimes, partial reinforcement occurs on a consistent or fixed schedule. In other instances, a variable and an unpredictable number of responses or time must occur before the reinforcement is delivered. Several thinkers influenced behavioral psychology. In addition to those already mentioned, there are a number of prominent theorists and psychologists who left an indelible mark on behavioral psychology. Among these are Edward Thorndike, a pioneering psychologist who described the law of effect, and Clark Hull, who proposed the drive theory of learning.?? There are a number of therapeutic techniques rooted in behavioral psychology. Though behavioral psychology assumed more of a background position after 1950, its principles still remain important. Even today, behavior analysis is often used as a therapeutic technique to help children with autism and developmental delays acquire new skills. It frequently involves processes such as shaping (rewarding closer approximations to the desired behavior) and chaining (breaking a task down into smaller parts and then teaching and chaining the subsequent steps together).?? Other behavioral therapy techniques include aversion therapy, systematic desensitization, token economies, modeling, and contingency management. Behavioral psychology has some strengths. Behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, so it is sometimes easier to quantify and collect data when conducting research. Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive behavioral intervention, behavior analysis, token economies, and discrete trial training are all rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and adults.?? It also has some weaknesses. Many critics argue that behaviorism is a one-dimensional approach to understanding human behavior. Critics of behaviorism suggest that behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts, and feelings.?? Also, it does not account for other types of learning that occur without the use of reinforcement and punishment. Moreover, people and animals can adapt their behavior when new information is introduced even if that behavior was established through reinforcement. Behavioral psychology differs from other perspectives. One of the major benefits of behaviorism is that it allowed researchers to investigate observable behavior in a scientific and systematic manner. However, many thinkers believed it fell short by neglecting some important influences on behavior. Freud, for example, felt that behaviorism failed by not accounting for the unconscious minds thoughts, feelings, and desires that influence peoples actions. Other thinkers, such as Carl Rogers and the other humanistic psychologists, believed that behaviorism was too rigid and limited, failing to take into consideration personal agency. More recently, biological psychology has emphasized the power of the brain and genetics play in determining and influencing human actions. The cognitive approach to psychology focuses on mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, language, and problem-solving. In both cases, behaviorism neglects these processes and influences in favor of studying just observable behaviors.?? One of the greatest strengths of behavioral psychology is the ability to clearly observe and measure behaviors. Weaknesses of this approach include failing to address cognitive and biological processes that influence human actions. A Word From Verywell While the behavioral approach might not be the dominant force that it once was, it has still had a major impact on our understanding of human psychology. The conditioning process alone has been used to understand many different types of behaviors, ranging from how people learn to how language develops. But perhaps the greatest contributions of behavioral psychology lie in its practical applications. Its techniques can play a powerful role in modifying problematic behavior and encouraging more positive, helpful responses. Outside of psychology, parents, teachers, animal trainers, and many others make use of basic behavioral principles to help teach new behaviors and discourage unwanted ones.

Relationships Between Employees And Employers - 851 Words

1. The main points of chapter five are relationships between employees and employers are very important to a company. It is important for the company to build loyalty, trust, and long-term relationships to motivate employees to perform their best. Training and development can be used not just for new employees, but also on current employees. This allows current employees to prepare themselves for new roles and responsibilities. From this employees will learn new responsibilities and feel motivated to produce more. Also, this will promote teamwork within the company by building upon relationships and coming up with creative ways to produce products. The main ideas for chapter six are that the world of Human Resouces is changing. The human resource department needs to come up with new ways to retain employees and that each company is different with their needs and wants. There are many areas a professional could specialize in such as training and development. Which this person specia lizes in staffing, performance management, learning, and development. On the other hand, a person could specialize in operations. This person will specialize in health care and pensions, HR information technology, policies, or contract services. It is important for employees to learn from experiences many learn more when he or she is put into a situation. Having employees go through different situations will help Human Resources understand his or her abilities and skills to be able to achieve theShow MoreRelatedEffective Management Of The Relationship Between Employers And Employees1269 Words   |  6 PagesResearch into the effective management of the relationship between employers and employees has yielded many management theories that have helped shaped the present business landscape. These different theories have allowed managers to organise and manage people the way they best see fit. Two enduring management approaches are based off the Human Relations Management Theory and th e Scientific Management Theory. Both theories address the issue of workplace optimisation with eminently different focusesRead MoreManagement of the Employer-Employee Relationship1520 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The relationship between employer and employees plays a pivotal role in the performance of the organization. Employers and employees have certain responsibilities towards each other which facilitate a fair and productive workplace. Positive work relationships create a cooperative climate with effort towards the same goals. Conflict, on the other hand, is likely to divert attention away from organizational performance. Unnecessary conflict may be prevented through employee involvementRead MoreThroughout The Progression Of Time Labor Has Shifted From962 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice work. Hence, several acts came to light to protect employees from unfair treatment at work. 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It is an incredibly dense and diverse are of law that helps protects both employers and employees. There areRead MoreSchool Of Business : Assignment1386 Words   |  6 Pagesaggregate total human physical and mental output used in production of good and services. To ensure smooth production activities, a company must maintain a healthy working relationship between itself and the employees. It’s important to note that workers use different ways to communicate their grievances towards their employers, they parade protests, strikes and engage their trade unions to demand for better working conditions and increase of salaries. This has often resulted to crisis in the labourRead MoreHow Employee Engagement Can Single Handedly Make Or Break An Organization843 Words   |  4 PagesResource Management, we study the foundations and principles by which an organization operates and conducts business. We also study the internal behavior of the organization. This includes studying the chain of command and the relationship between how employers treat their employees according to the o rganization’s moral values and what is expected of them by society’s ethical standards and by the regulations that the federal government imposes upon them. Although we touch upon the basics of HRM, we failRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Process For A Job Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesRecruiting employees with the right skill can add value to the business. As well, recruiting a workforce at a wage or salary that is suitable for them and an organisation can afford can reduce the costs hence high profitability, so employees should always be carefully selected, managed and retained like any other resource. The recruitment process The first stage, you define the requirements by job description or job specification The second stage, you have to attract the potential employees by advertingRead MoreEmployment Relationship Is Critical Within The Workplace1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Employment relationship is critical within the workplace as it plays a central role in the quality of the workers’ lives and in the performance of the organisation. Employment relationship is defined as simply the relationship between the employee and the employer. Having a strong employment relationship positively impacts the organisation as a whole, influencing the job satisfaction, skill use and development, workplace morale, and the worker absenteeism (Lowe, G. Schellenberg, G. 2001). HoweverRead MoreHrm: Psychological Contract1159 Words   |  5 Pagesof the employee and employer towards each other; the expectations an employee has of the organisation and the expectations the organisation has of the employee and the reciprocal promises in that relationship. This helps to set out the aims and objectives i n the company for the work to be done professionally. The employee has different contents and outputs for the business as to the employer. The employee seeks for fairness followed by an output of behaviour, whilst the employer seeks for trust andRead MoreA Change in Business Ethics: The Impact on Employer–Employee Relations1180 Words   |  5 PagesA Change in Business Ethics: The Impact on Employer–Employee Relations Business ethics is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. The ethics of a particular business can be diverse. They apply not only to how the business interacts with the world at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with a single customer. In the recent decades, business ethics has become the platform on which the whole business rest on. Any disturbance to this base has and will

Exploring Alienation and Conformity in the Metamorphosis

In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka conveys the series of emotional and psychological repercussions of a physical transformation that befalls the protagonist, a young salesman called Gregor Samsa. As the story progresses, Gregor finds himself unfairly stigmatized, cruelly rejected because of his clear inability to financially support his family, and consequently increasingly isolated. Through extensive use of symbolism, Kafka is able to relate the surreal and absurd, seemingly arbitrary events of this short story to a general critique of society-particularly on the alienating effects that conformity generates. On a broader level, the combined themes-which include the themes of conformity, freedom, and alienation--found throughout The†¦show more content†¦As a young child, he was a lone Jew attending a German school-which no doubt forced him to learn the value of conformity from an early age. As for Gregor, his family refuses to associate with him any longer and casually discar ds him because he is useless and perceived as different; i.e., dangerous. As such, the family finds this nonconformity almost threatening to their existence. A particularly pivotal and heartbreaking moment in Gregors life occurs when his own beloved sister is asha! med of Gregor: Things cannot go on any longer in this way...I say only that we must try to get rid of it. We have tried what is humanly possible to take care of it and to be patient...I believe that no one can criticize us in the slightest...it is killing you both. I see it coming. When people have to work as hard as we all do, they cannot also tolerate Cheng 4 this endless torment at home. I just cant go on any more...this animal plagues us. It drives away the lodgers, will obviously take over the entire apartment, and leave us to spend the night in the lane. (Kafka) Basically, Grete is willing to kill her own blood relation purely based upon his unusual, repulsive appearance. However, despite the constant threat of exte rmination, his thoughts remain surprisingly selfless; he did not have any notion of wishing to create problems for anyone and certainly not for his sister...he felt a great pride that he had been able to provide such a life in aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s Life1811 Words   |  8 PagesLaborers. For the purpose of exploring this story, the Masons can be considered the intellects and the Day Laborers are the unconcerned. As one is informed of the time consuming technique used in the construction, one may notice the separation the Masons began to feel regarding their work. The focus on witnessing a finished product often distressed the Masons and caused unproductivity and dissatisfaction. Kafka is clearly drawing from Karl Marx’s theory of alienation. As the story progresses, KafkaRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfor getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. pr ovide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect

Best Practices for Diverse Learners Free Essays

Best Practices for Diverse Learners The society of the United States of America Is culturally diverse. This diversity reflects on the demographics that our schools have. Every school leader needs to understand the diversity that exists at their schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Practices for Diverse Learners or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understanding the diversity will determine how professional educators meet the difficulties or handles everyday situations that school generates. Understanding this cultural composition is not enough. There must be a group of leaders, teachers, researchers and other stakeholders committed to deal with the educational processes that English language earners face. I selected this group because In my teaching career I have observed that many efforts have been made to reach this group, but ELLS continue to struggle to meet the standards. According to Miller (201 1), educators who create culturally relevant learning contexts are those who see students’ culture as an asset, not a detriment to their success (p. 69). I feel passionate about the potential and the richness that these students can bring to the classroom. Therefore, I have to peruse the following question: What strategies can be developed by leaders to engage ELL dents to become life long learners and ensure academic success? Leadership that fosters culturally diverse settings will result into a positive climate that will impact students’ achievement. Future Focused Plan As a future focused leader I understand the great need of developing radical alternative that can represent an option for English language learners. Therefore, I suggest a strategic plan to develop a choice program. This choice program will be known as Dual Language Academy. This choice program will be a campus that will exclusively offers a two-way dual language model. This choice program will offer to English-speaking children and minority language speakers learn together in the same classroom, with the goals of bilingualism, bilaterally, cross-cultural understanding, and high academic achievement for all (Landholding-Leary 2001). The first step of this plan is to assess the area demographics to identify the needs of parents, children and the community. According to Brandenburg (2009) approximately 20% of all public school students speak a language other than English at home, which accounts for more than 10 million students. Second, Identify and Involve key stakeholders. These stakeholders have an important role in order for the program to be successful. Here and Eifel (2007), provided a promising suggestion so that schools can help students succeed academically: expand stakeholder involvement beyond the school itself. During this process a leadership team will be established. Members of this team could consist of Superintendent, School Board members, school administrators, resource staff, teachers (bilingual and monolingual), and parents. Third, design and obtain an approval of a budget that supports the implementation of the program. The budget must include areas that are not typically noninsured in traditional schools. For example, testing materials in two languages, supplemental classroom and library materials in the target language, external evaluator, specialized professional development and marketing. Additionally, the Implementation of a strong parental Involvement Initiative, for example Parental and families still experience power differences and conflicts in their relationships with school personnel (Reynolds, 2010). It is important to involve parents and community from the beginning, and encourage them to volunteer in the classroom and learn as much as they can about the program. As Cummins (2000), argues, we do indeed need to transform bilingual programs from subtractive, deficit-oriented transitional programs to additive, enrichment-oriented dual-language programs that are desirable even to the most elite. A dual language program can offer an alternative for ELLS to develop critical thinking skill and simultaneously acquire the English language. An additional benefit is to offer a choice program to monolingual students to become bilingual, obliterate and bacterial in order to face the challenges of the global society. Forces, Detractors and Tensions In times that accountability and policymaking are presents in the educational system many forces, detractors and tensions can be encountered. According to Ackermann (201 1), the ability to communicate clearly, confidently, and compassionately and through a variety of media, during prolonged or recurring periods when finances and resources are diminishing, is an essential skill for supervisors in student services (p. 6). Clear communication with stakeholders is the key to implement a productive initiative. While conducting the literature review for this assignment an interesting detractor was identified. Researchers have identified as a possible trend of segregation as a consequence of a not well-balanced dual language program. As a future-focused leader this is an aspect that needs to be taken in consideration when developing the objectives of a two-way dual language program. According to Palmer (2010) we need to explore questions regarding equity of access, equitable delivery of services, and equitable treatment in the classroom (p. 110). Equity must be the primary principle in order to provide multidimensional realm of opportunities for diverse academic environment. Conclusion Finally, the educational field bases its decisions in the value that it is given to data that have been collected and analyzed. School leaders need to be able to develop the ability to balance their performance with what it entails to be an effective leader. Schools need to elaborate efforts that develop a conversation on the importance in acknowledging diversity as an essential tool to increase academic performance by the development of effective educational alternatives. A dual language model can be the key to reach the future academic success for all English language learners. Cummins, Jim. (02000). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Cleveland, England:Multilingual Matters. Brandenburg, E. (2009). The Demographic Context of Urban Schools and Districts. Equity Excellence In Education, 42(3), 255-271. Here, K. D. , Eifel, A. (2007). Extending the responsibilities for schools beyond the school door. Policy Futures in Education, 5,567-580. Landholding-Leary, Kathy. (2001). Dual Language Education. Cleveland, England: Multilingual Matters. Miller, H. (2011). Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Diverse Urban Classroom. Urban Review: Issues And Ideas In Public Education, 43(1), 66-89. Palmer, D. (2010). Race, Power, and Equity in a Multivalent Urban Elementary School with a Dual-Language â€Å"Strand† Program. Anthropology Education Quarterly, 41(1), 94-114. Reynolds, R. (2010). â€Å"They think you’re lazy’ and other messages Black parents send their Black sons: An exploration of critical race theory in the examination of educational outcomes for Black males. Journal of African American Males in Education, 1(2), 144-163. Ackermann, T. (2011). Dynamics of Supervision. New Directions For Student services, (1 36), 5-16. How to cite Best Practices for Diverse Learners, Papers

Microscopy and the Metric System free essay sample

Why? Chemicals could go into your mouth, which is potentially dangerous and should never be done no matter if they deemed â€Å"safe† or not. Weight: Use the pen scale from the lab kit to measure out exactly three grams of sugar. Make sure to tare the bag before adding the sugar. Why must the bag be tared before adding the sugar? This is done so the weight of the bag is not counted with the weight of the sugar. You must think about the weight of the bag when weighing out the three grams of sugar. How is the weight of the bag accounted for when the sugar is weighed? The bag is weighed first and then the 3 g of sugar is added on top of that weight so at the end the weight is more than 3g total due to the bag. Temperature: Practice converting the following with this conversion formula: 45 °F = 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Microscopy and the Metric System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2  °C 62 °F =16. 7  °C 98. 6 °F =37 °C Use a Celsius thermometer to measure the  °C temperature of several different aliquots of cold and warm tap water. Make sure to allow the thermometer to remain until the temperature is stable and no longer changes. Record the temperatures: Cold-15 °C Warm 29 °C Hot- 48 °C Questions A. What laboratory equipment would be used to measure the following items? g flour| Beaker and scale| 36 mL water| Graduated cylinder| The length of a frog’s leg| ruler| 36 g water| Beaker/balance| 38? C| thermometer| Volume of a turtle*| Water displacement| 125? F| thermometer| Volume of blood| Graduated cylinder| Weight of a plant| Bag and scale| Weight of blood| Beaker and scale| Temperature of a fish’s body| thermometer| Temperature of blood| thermometer| *This answer may require some creativity. How could it be done? B. Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following me asurements, and the final answers. Use U. S. and liquid units where appropriate. 248 g| = 248,000 mg| 145,000 ? L| = 145mL| 536 mL| = 536 cc| 0. 372 kg| = 372 g| 0. 75 L| = 750,000 ? L| 20. 39 cm| = . 2039 m| 145,000? L*(10^-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 145,000? L*(10^-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10^-6L)=750000 ? L 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10^-6L)=750000 ? L C. Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following measurements, and the final answers. Use US and liquid units where appropriate. 3 cups= . 711 L7,893 mg = . 0174 lb 2. 25 oz= 66. 53 cc36? C= 96. 8 ? F 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 45,000 uL = 29. 42 tsp96? F= 35. 56 ? C D. What advantages does the metric system have over the English method of measurement? What are the disadvantages? The metric system is advantageous because it has a base of ten, making measurements easier to take, read, understand, and convert. The prefixes are also standard so they transfer between all measurements. Also, more co untries use the metric system whereas basically only the US uses the English method. The main disadvantage of the metric system is that Americans have not grown up with these measurements so they are harder to picture and understand what distance, weight, etc. ach measurement is. For example, it is much easier for most Americans to understand the distance of a mile than to try and picture how long a kilometer is. E. Outline the steps necessary to accurately weigh 3. 5 g of starch. This depends on the scale used, but with the pen scale included in the labpaq, tare a bag or other container that can be used. Then add in the starch until the weight on the scale reads the weight of the container plus 3. 5 g. F. Outline the steps necessary to accurately pipet 5 mL of distilled water. Pour an aliquot of distilled water into a clean beaker. Put a little more than 5mL of distilled water in a beaker. Pipet 5mL from the beaker, and check to see if the bottom of the meniscus lines up with the 5mL line. Exercise 2: Microscopy The compound light microscope effectively magnifies in the range of 40x to 2000x. If an object under view is 10 nm in length without any magnification, what will be its viewing size at 40x? 400nm at 2000x? 20 ? m What is the equivalent size at these magnifications, in inches? Show your calculations. 400nm*(1cm/10^7nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 1. 57*10^-5 in. 20? m*(1cm/10^4? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 7. 87*10^-4 in. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) employs electron bombardment to image very small specimens. Electron microscopes are used to image specimens that range from 1 nm to 100  µm in size. What is the equivalent in inches? . Show your calculations. 1nm*(1cm/10^7nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 3. 94*10^-8 in. 100 ? m*(1cm/10^4? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 0. 0039 in. Procedure 1. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope: Refer to a microscope as this section is read. Label the microscope diagram that follows as the examination of the microscope proceeds. a. Eyepiece (Ocular Lens): The magnification power is stamped on the outside of the lens. What is the power of the ocular lens? Microscopes may have interchangeable ocular lenses of different magnification. 15x b. Body Tube: Holds the ocular and objective lenses at the correct focal distance. c. Arm: Used to transport microscope and hold the body tube. d. Nosepiece: The revolving device that holds the objective lenses. May also be referred to as the turret. e. Objective Lenses: Consists of one or more lenses: i. The scanning power objective lens is the shortest of the lenses. What is its power? 4x ii. The low-power objective is slightly longer than the scanning objective. What is its power? 10x iii. The high-power objective is longer than the low-power objective. What is its power? 40x Label this microscope diagram with the appropriate part names and their functions: Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lenses Course adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see what’s on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lenses Course adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see what’s on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything a b c d e f g h i Parts not included in microscope are: Light source Source: Sharma, Abhishake. Labeled Microscope Drawing. N. d. Buzzle. com. 2. Focusing the Microscope: If the microscope includes an oil immersion lens, place a drop of immersion oil on the slide cover slip before rotating the lens into place. The function of the oil is to minimize light diffraction through the slide and subject so that greater detail can be seen. After using the oil immersion lens, clean excess oil off of the lens and the slide with a lens cloth. Never tilt a microscope when using oil or if viewing a wet slide. Why? The liquid could come off of the slide and get into a place in the microscope that isn’t good for it, and it will be messy also. 3. Operating the Microscope: a. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip from the slide box. Place the slide and cover slip separately on a paper towel or other soft surface to reduce the possibility of scratching them. . With scissors, cut a letter â€Å"e† from an old magazine or newspaper. c. Place the letter in the center of the slide. d. Follow the instructions in Section 6 below to make a wet mount of the letter. e. Following the directions outlined above under Handling and Focusing the Microscope, place the prepared slide on the microscope stage. Leav e the scanning lens in place and focus so that the letter is clearly viewable. Make drawings of the letter in the boxes below as instructed. Side of the slide furthest away from student| Look from the side of the microscope, viewand then draw the letter here, as it appears onthe slide on the stage. | e e Draw the letter here as it appears when viewing it through the microscope. | Side of the slide closest to student| f. What is observed? Microscopes invert the image on the slide. This means that the subject will appear to be 180 ° rotated and reversed from the actual image viewed on the slide. g. While viewing the letter through the lenses, move the slide slightly. What do you observe about the movement of the letter and slide when viewed through the lenses? When I move the slide up, what I’m viewing moves down. When I move the slide to the left, the image moves right. . Use the directions above to view the letter at the higher objective powers. On the drawing made above, c ircle the portion of the letter that is viewable as successively higher power observations are made. What is your conclusion about what happens when higher power objectives are used? Only a piece of the top part is viewable. Higher power objectives magnify the image more. 4. Total Magnification Calculation: Typically, the ocular lens of a microscope will be 10x, but it may be higher or lower. The power is recorded on the side of the lens. a. What is the ocular lens power of the microscope that you are using? It may be 10x or 15x. Record it in Table 1. b. The objective lenses also have the magnification power recorded on their sides. What powers do the objective lenses on the microscope have? Record them in Table 1. c. Now, calculate the total magnification of the viewing area by multiplying the power of the ocular lens with that of the objective lens in use. For instance, if a microscope has a 10x magnification ocular lens and a 4x objective lens in place for viewing, the total magnification will be 40x (10x multiplied by 4x). What other view magnifications are possible with the microscope? Calculate the total magnification for each set of lenses in Table 1. Table 1: Calculating Magnification Ocular Lens Magnification x| Objective LensesMagnification =| Total Magnification| 15x| 4x| 60x| | 10x| 150x| | 40x| 600x| 5. Diameter of Field: a. With the low-power objective in viewing position, place a short transparent metric ruler on the stage. b. While viewing the ruler through the lenses, measure the low-power diameter of field of view in mm. Convert this measurement to ? m and record in Table 2. c. Switch to the other higher power objectives, noting the diameter, in mm, for each in Table 2. Convert measurements to ? m. How might this information be useful when viewing microscopic subjects? Micrometers are smaller, so it is useful for very small objects when mm would be a very small number that wouldn’t be very understandable. Table 2: Diameter of a Viewing Field | Magnification(ocular x objective lens’powers)| mm diameterof field of view| ? m diameter *of field of view| Scanning Lens| 60x| 2mm| 2000 ? m| Low Power Lens| 150x| 1mm| 1000 ? m| High Power Lens| 600x| Can’t tell,

Lakeview Gusher of 1910 Bigger, Not Worse, Than BP Oil Spill

Lakeview Gusher of 1910 Bigger, Not Worse, Than BP Oil Spill When BP finally stopped the oil flowing from its ruptured underwater well in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2010, the government announced that the 4.9 million barrels (more than 205 million gallons) of oil the well had spilled over the previous three months made it the worst accidental oil spill in U.S. and world history. Along with most other media, we reported that conclusion, but one of our readers (a man named Craig) quickly pointed out that the government and the media were all mistaken and had not looked far enough back in the history books to get the facts straightand he was right. The Lakeview gusher of 1910 spilled 9 million barrels of oil (thats 378 million gallons) onto a patch of scrubland in Kern County, California, between the towns of Taft and Maricopa, about 110 miles north of Los Angeles. Once it blew, the Lakeview gusher was unstoppable for 18 months. The initial flow from the Lakeview gusher was 18,000 barrels a day, building to an uncontrolled crescendo of 100,000 barrels daily, and eventually producing only 30 barrels a day after the flood of California crude was finally stopped. Ironically, the Lakeview gusher might never have happened if the crew on site had obeyed orders from bosses in Los Angeles. After months of unproductive drilling, Union Oil headquarters sent word to shut down the operation and abandon the well. But the crew, led by a foreman nicknamed Dry Hole Charlie, wouldnt give up. They ignored the orders and kept on drilling. In mid-March 1910, 2,200 feet below the surface, the drilling tapped into a high-pressure reservoir and the well blew with such force that the eruption demolished the wooden derrick and created a crater so large that no one could get close enough to the well to try capping it. The well kept gushing until September 1911. The Lakeview gusher didnt actually do much environmental damage. Black mist fell for miles around, and only the valiant work of oil workers and volunteers building dikes by hand prevented the oil from contaminating Buena Vista Lake to the east, but most of the oil soaked into the sagebrush-studded soil or evaporated. And while 100 years later the area is still soaked with oil, the long-term environmental impact of the spill is generally considered minimal. So while the Lakeview Gusher was larger in volume than the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf spill was a far bigger environmental and economic disaster.

Understanding Atomic Radius Trends The 2 Key Principles

Understanding Atomic Radius Trends The 2 Key Principles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need information on atomic radius trends? What's the trend for atomic radius? In this guide, we’ll clearly explain atomic radius trends and how they work. We’ll also discuss exceptions to the trends and how you can use this information as part of a broader understanding of chemistry. Before we dive into atomic radius trends, let’s review some basic terms. An atom is a basic unit of a chemical element, such as hydrogen, helium, potassium, etc. A radius is the distance between the center of an object and its outer edge. An atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms. Atomic radii are measured in picometers (one picometer is equal to one trillionth of a meter). Hydrogen (H) has the smallest average atomic radius at about 25 pm, while caesium (Cs) has the largest average radius at about 260 pm. What Are the Atomic Radius Trends? What Causes Them? There are two main atomic radius trends. One atomic radius trend occurs as you move left to right across the periodic table (moving within a period), and the other trend occurs when you move from the top of the periodic table down (moving within a group). Below is a periodic table with arrows showing how atomic radii change to help you understand and visualize each atomic radius trend. At the end of this section is a chart with the estimated empirical atomic radius for each element. Atomic Radius Trend 1: Atomic Radii Decrease From Left to Right Across a Period The first atomic radius periodic trend is that atomic size decreases as you move left to right across a period. Within a period of elements, each new electron is added to the same shell. When an electron is added, a new proton is also added to the nucleus, which gives the nucleus a stronger positive charge and a greater nuclear attraction. This means that, as more protons are added, the nucleus gets a stronger positive charge which then attracts the electrons more strongly and pulls them closer to the atom’s nucleus. The electrons being pulled closer to the nucleus makes the atom’s radius smaller. Comparing carbon (C) with an atomic number of 6 and fluorine (F) with an atomic number of 9, we can tell that, based on atomic radius trends, a carbon atom will have a larger radius than a fluorine atom since the three additional protons the fluorine has will pull its electrons closer to the nucleus and shrink the fluorine's radius. And this is true; carbon has an average atomic radius of about 70 pm while fluorine’s is about 50 pm. Atomic Radius Trend 2: Atomic Radii Increase as You Move Down a Group The second atomic radius periodic trend is that atomic radii increase as you move downwards in a group in the periodic table. For each group you move down, the atom gets an additional electron shell. Each new shell is further away from the nucleus of the atom, which increases the atomic radius. While you may think the valence electrons (those in the outermost shell) would be attracted to the nucleus, electron shielding prevents that from happening. Electron shielding refers to a decreased attraction between outer electrons and the nucleus of an atom whenever the atom has more than one electron shell. So, because of electron shielding, the valence electrons don’t get particularly close to the center of the atom, and because they can’t get that close, the atom has a larger radius. As an example, potassium (K) has a larger average atomic radius (220 pm)than sodium (Na) does (180 pm). The potassium atom has an extra electron shell compared to the sodium atom, which means its valence electrons are further from the nucleus, giving potassium a larger atomic radius. Empirical Atomic Radii Atomic Number Symbol Element Name Empirical Atomic Radius (pm) 1 H Hydrogen 25 2 He Helium No data 3 Li Lithium 145 4 Be Beryllium 105 5 B Boron 85 6 C Carbon 70 7 N Nitrogen 65 8 O Oxygen 60 9 F Fluorine 50 10 Ne Neon No data 11 Na Sodium 180 12 Mg Magnesium 150 13 Al Aluminum 125 14 Si Silicon 110 15 P Phosphorus 100 16 S Sulfur 100 17 Cl Chlorine 100 18 Ar Argon No data 19 K Potassium 220 20 Ca Calcium 180 21 Sc Scandium 160 22 Ti Titanium 140 23 V Vanadium 135 24 Cr Chromium 140 25 Mn Manganese 140 26 Fe Iron 140 27 Co Cobalt 135 28 Ni Nickel 135 29 Cu Copper 135 30 Zn Zinc 135 31 Ga Gallium 130 32 Ge Germanium 125 33 As Arsenic 115 34 Se Selenium 115 35 Br Bromine 115 36 Kr Krypton No data 37 Rb Rubidium 235 38 Sr Strontium 200 39 Y Yttrium 180 40 Zr Zirconium 155 41 Nb Niobium 145 42 Mo Molybdenum 145 43 Tc Technetium 135 44 Ru Ruthenium 130 45 Rh Rhodium 135 46 Pd Palladium 140 47 Ag Silver 160 48 Cd Cadmium 155 49 In Indium 155 50 Sn Tin 145 51 Sb Antimony 145 52 Te Tellurium 140 53 I Iodine 140 54 Xe Xenon No data 55 Cs Caesium 260 56 Ba Barium 215 57 La Lanthanum 195 58 Ce Cerium 185 59 Pr Praseodymium 185 60 Nd Neodymium 185 61 Pm Promethium 185 62 Sm Samarium 185 63 Eu Europium 185 64 Gd Gadolinium 180 65 Tb Terbium 175 66 Dy Dysprosium 175 67 Ho Holmium 175 68 Er Erbium 175 69 Tm Thulium 175 70 Yb Ytterbium 175 71 Lu Lutetium 175 72 Hf Hafnium 155 73 Ta Tantalum 145 74 W Tungsten 135 75 Re Rhenium 135 76 Os Osmium 130 77 Ir Iridium 135 78 Pt Platinum 135 79 Au Gold 135 80 Hg Mercury 150 81 Tl Thallium 190 82 Pb Lead 180 83 Bi Bismuth 160 84 Po Polonium 190 85 At Astatine No data 86 Rn Radon No data 87 Fr Francium No data 88 Ra Radium 215 89 Ac Actinium 195 90 Th Thorium 180 91 Pa Protactinium 180 92 U Uranium 175 93 Np Neptunium 175 94 Pu Plutonium 175 95 Am Americium 175 96 Cm Curium No data 97 Bk Berkelium No data 98 Cf Californium No data 99 Es Einsteinium No data 100 Fm Fermium No data 101 Md Mendelevium No data 102 No Nobelium No data 103 Lr Lawrencium No data 104 Rf Rutherfordium No data 105 Db Dubnium No data 106 Sg Seaborgium No data 107 Bh Bohrium No data 108 Hs Hassium No data 109 Mt Meitnerium No data 110 Ds Darmstadtium No data 111 Rg Roentgenium No data 112 Cn Copernicium No data 113 Nh Nihonium No data 114 Fl Flerovium No data 115 Mc Moscovium No data 116 Lv Livermorium No data 117 Ts Tennessine No data 118 Og Oganesson No data Source: Webelements 3 Exceptions to the Atomic Radius Trends The two atomic radius trends we discussed above are true for the majority of the periodic table of elements. However, there are a few exceptions to these trends. One exception is the noble gases. The six noble gases, in group 18 of the periodic table, are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). The noble gases are an exception because they bond differently than other atoms, and noble gas atoms don't get as close to each other when they bond. Because atomic radius is half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms, how close those atoms are to each other affects atomic radius. Each of the noble gases has their outermost electron shell completely filled, which means multiple noble gas atoms are held together by Van der Waals forces rather than through bonds. Van der Waals forces aren't as strong as covalent bonds, so two atoms connected by Van der Waals forces don't get as close to each other as two atoms connected by a covalent bond. This means the radii of the noble gases would be overestimated if we attempted to find their empirical radii, so none of the noble gases have an empirical radius and thus don't follow the atomic radius trends. Below is a very simplified diagram of four atoms, all about the same size. The top two atoms are connected by a covalent bond, which causes some overlap between the atoms. The bottom two atoms are noble gas atoms, and they are connected by Van der Waals forces that don't allow the atoms to get as close together. The red arrows represent the distance between the nuclei. Half of this distance is equal to atomic radius. As you can see, even though all four atoms are about the same size, the noble gas radius is much larger than the radius of the other atoms. Comparing the two radii would make the noble gas atoms look bigger, even though they're not. Including noble gas radii would give people an inaccurate idea of how big noble gas atoms are. Because noble gas atoms bond differently, their radii can't be compared to the radii of other atoms, so they don't follow atomic radius trends. Other exceptions include the lanthanide series and actinide series at the bottom of the periodic table. These groups of elements differ from much of the rest of the periodic table and don’t follow many trends the other elements do. Neither series has a clear atomic radius trend. How Can You Use This Information? While you probably won’t need to know the atomic radius of various elements in your day-to-day life, this information can still be helpful if you’re studying chemistry or another related field. Once you understand each key atomic radius period trend, it makes it easier to understand other information about the elements. For example, you can remember that noble gases are an exception to the atomic radius trends because they have a full outer electron shell. These outer electron shells also make the noble gases inert and stable. That stability can be handy. For example, balloons are typically filled with helium, not hydrogen, because helium is much more stable and therefore less flammable and safer to use. You can also use atomic radii to estimate how reactive different elements will be. Atoms with smaller radii are more reactive than atoms with larger radii. The halogens (in group 17) have the smallest average radii in the periodic table. Fluorine has the smallest atomic radius of the halogens (which makes sense based on the trends), and that makes it highly reactive. Just adding fluorine to water will produce flames as the fluorine turns into a gas. Summary: Periodic Trends Atomic Radius There are two main atomic radius trends. The first atomic radius periodic trend is that atomic radii increase as you move downwards in a group. This is due to electron shielding. When an additional shell is added, those new electrons are farther from the atom’s nucleus, which increases atomic radius. The second atomic radius periodic trend is that atomic size decreases moving left to right across a period because the atom’s stronger positive charge due to having more protons attracts the electrons more strongly and pulls them closer to the nucleus, reducing the size of the atom. There are a few exceptions to these trends, noticeably the noble gases which don’t form bonds the way most other atoms do, and the lanthanide and actinide series. You can use this information to better understand the periodic table, how atoms bond, and why certain elements are more reactive than others.

Discussion Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Discussion Topic - Essay Example Her idea was to produce a sponge pillow used to clean the children. The probability that the products will have high demands is not certain and therefore financial implications are put at stake. The money that will be involved in international business might also attract financial risks in the company. (Blackman, 2014) The company should have a risk retention insurance programe.This is because the company will be dealing with products that catches fire easily. The international business is also full of risks and therefore the organization should always retain a reserve fund to offset some financial claims that may arise. This self insurance is important for the business growth. (Paul, 2012) Pansy Ellen products Inc should have various kinds of insurance coverage since it is involved in a risky business. It should have a general liability insurance to provide a cover for the damages, employees and the products. This is important because all this are susceptible to the risks. The company should also have property insurance to cover for the bulding, office equipment and inventory against fire vandalism, fire and theft. (Mark, 2013) Mark. (2013). 13 Types of Insurance a Small Business Owner Should Have - Forbes. Retrieved 2015, from

Determining the Status of an Independent Contractor and Taxes Essay

Determining the Status of an Independent Contractor and Taxes - Essay Example Avoiding taxes is not the primary goal of an independent contractor but they know if they are classified as employees they suffer some consequences. Some of the consequences one suffers are that they might not be hired by the hiring firm since they these firms will be forced to pay additional expenses of treating them as employees. The aims of the firms to maximise their profit and to ensure they achieve their goals, they have to ensure that they minimise their operational expenses. For this case, if an independent contractor is classified as an employee he will never be hired by the hiring firms. (Fishman, 2006) The other reason as to why the independent contractors do not need to be classified as employees is because they will add additional tax burden to themselves by being subjected to tax. Their pay will be deducted, something they would not be experiencing if they were independent contractor. (Fishman, 2006) According to Fishman (1997), the U.S Bureau of Labour Statistics shows that in U.S.A alone, there are eight million independent contractors and in the next ten years, this number is expected to double. The use of independent contractors is beneficial companies that cannot afford to hire permanent employees especially small and medium ones. This is especially so for those companies that can not be able to employ a permanent employee for specialized function. For instance, a company engaged in international commerce can hire an attorney who has specialized in international trade as an independent contractor to provide international legal advice. This staffing approach is more affordable than employee a permanent employee and for this case due to the fact that this attorney's salary will not be taxed, then it does not mean he want to avoid paying the tax. 1 Permanent employees have been given a great deal of job security by European laws and because of these laws, the economic uncertainty has forced employers to use short-term contracts than using permanent employment. These short-term contracts are the use of independent contract and statistics shows that this tread is on the increase. In every five employees in France, one is on part-time contract; 30 percent of workforce in Britain is on temporary employment; in Spain, for every ten jobs created, seven of them are on temporary basis; and the ban on private temporary employment agencies has been lifted in Germany. These statistics shows that there is great rise in the use of independent contractors in many European countries. The use of independent contractors has become popular since it reduces costs and legal requirements imposed on termination or lay off of employment in Europe. Due to the fact that the temporary employees hired by companies under temporary employment does not mea n that they are avoiding paying taxes since they employment is being dictated by circumstances. (Templeman, 1996) Independent contractors results in cost savings which include: reduced book keeping and payroll preparations costs, avoidance of taxes, reduced fringe benefits, elimination of worker's compensation benefits, elimination of overtime pay, decreased administrative burdens and reduction in capital and maintenance costs if the independent contractors provides their own tools and equipment. (Bureau of National Affairs, 1994; Stalnaker, 1993). Even though independent contr

Americas Involvement in World War Two Essay -- WWII World War 2 Essay

When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the severity it would have taken on the people of the world. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. America’s Involvement in World War II not only contributed in the downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the best time and moment. If the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences would probably have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner and therefore have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the people’s and the government’s point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt quickly called his cabinet and military advisors together. It was there that it was agreed the United States stay neutral in these affairs. This decision was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to with them unless American soil was threatened directly. The provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a â€Å"comprehensive and permanent† neutrality act was passed. The desire to avoid â€Å"foreign entanglements† of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how many troops were available and when the United States would get involved, the army could only gather a mere one hundred thousand, when the French, Russian and Japanese armies numbered in millions. Its weapons dated from the first World War and were no match compared to the new artillery that Germany and its allies had. The air force was just as bad if not worse. In September 1939 the Air Corps had only 800 combat aircrafts again compared with Germany’s 3600 and Russia’s 10,000. American military Aviation (AMA) in 1938 was able to produce only 1,800, 300 less than Germany, and 1,400 less than Japan. It was evident to Roosevelt the United sta tes military was in no way prepared to enter this European crisis. One very importa... ...war would only endanger the United States more than it already was. On the following day Roosevelt argued that the attack â€Å"had given us an opportunity†. Congress approved the declaration of war with only one opposing voice. America’s most vital interest, defense of American soil, had been challenged. At last America had to go to war and eventually bring an end to the rule of Nazi Germany. Hitler had convinced himself that America had declined in the 1930’s because of social crisis. This misconception also led Japan to confront the United States in 1941. Had the United States entered the war any earlier or later the consequences could have been much worse (If possible). Franklin Delano Roosevelt thought about the security of the republic and defended it very well. Leading the United States every step of the way President Roosevelt did a superior job in bringing America into war when he did. Evidently America entered World War 2 at the precise time to once and for all take down Adolph Hitler and the third Reich. The United States involvement in the war could not have come at a better time even though the effect on the people at Pearl Harbor and our country was seriously devastated.

A Comparison between Two Pre-Twentieth Century Stories Essay

I am comparing two short and gothic stories written by the same author called Edgar Allen Poe. This author writes many stories that are based on a gothic theme, he writes stories that are both short and long. The two that I am comparing are two of his short gothic stories, they are called ‘The Tell Tale Heart’, which I will refer to as ‘Tell Tale’ and ‘The Black Cat’. I found both of these short stories on the rather graphic note, and they could be made very scary if a few more things were added. They both had the gothic feel; I had also experienced this in other short stories called ‘Napoleon and the Spectre’ and ‘The Signalman’. They both had an eerie feel about them, but they used a ghost like character to predict things that are to happen in the future. That idea is not present in the ‘Tell Tale’, but it is in ‘The Black Cat’. This is because the second black cat has the white mark on its stomach in the shape of gallows, so it is in a way predicting the protagonist’s death. The beginning of both stories (‘Tell Tale’ and ‘The Black Cat’) I thought were similar because the protagonist starts by reflecting on the events that he is about to tell you about. Also the rest of both stories are written in first person. There is no evidence of the ‘Tell Tale’ being written in a certain place, but ‘The Black Cat’ was written in jail, before the man’s death. So it is like he is confessing to you about the deeds he had committed. Poe somehow makes it as thought the protagonist in both ‘The Black Cat’ and ‘Tell Tale’ is actually talking to you while you are reading the story. I think that is an extremely good way to keep people into the stories and on the edge of their seats. This is because you feel like you a really there in the same room as the killer. The protagonist starts off to seem as though he is a sane man in ‘The Black Cat’ but as you read on you begin to think that he has lost his sanity and is now a little mentally disturbed. Why the protagonist in ‘The Black Cat’ kills the cat is not known, but there is the evidence to show that he kills the cat and harms it because it loved him. This also something featured in ‘The Imp of the Perverse’. The impression of things happening due to the fact that if it is wrong to do something, you do it to get a â€Å"buzz†. There is a mischievous feel to that idea, and you could say that we have all done a bad thing just because it was bad to do it. There is the feeling that the protagonist is trying to make out to the reader that he is sane and in the ‘Tell Tale’ he actually thinks to himself that he superior to average human being. He has this impression that he has a disease that has opened his senses instead of destroying them, they gave him acute hearing and thought. The protagonist then tells you about the strong relationship that he has between his victim, whether it was a cat, a wife or an old man. Somehow he loses this love and ends up killing his companion. There is a conclusion to the killings though, you could say he killed them because they loved him and cared for him, back to ‘The Imp of the Preverse’. There was comfort and love and for this reason he just killed them. Both of the murders were carried out in a brutal way due to the fact that they were killed in a horrible way and the bodies were hidden in and under parts of a house. The body in the ‘Tell Tale’ was cut up and kept in the house like a treasure, but the body in ‘The Black Cat’ was not mutilated anymore and was not regarded as a treasure. Poe uses dashes in-between certain words, I think he has done this to try and give the impression that the protagonist is having a conversation with the reader and that he is spilling his thoughts to you. In the ‘Tell Tale’ the guilt of the murder drives the protagonist to reveal the bodies. He feels that he has done something extremely bad and in the end he is driven mad by the guilt and is eventually found out by the police while they are on a visit to the house. In ‘The Black Cat’ he was found out by his excitement of being caught, he tapped on the walls in the cellar commenting on how well the walls were built. This then had him found out by the police and he was taken to jail. However there are differences, in the ‘Tell Tale’ the murder is not spontaneous, rather it is carefully planned by the killer. Whereas in ‘The Black Cat’ the murder was not planned at all, it happen at the spur of the moment without much thought at all. Also in the ‘Tell Tale’ you automatically have evidence of there being a murder right at the start, so the tension is built up in different ways. In ‘The Black Cat’ you have no evidence at all in the beginning that there will be a murder somewhere in the story. In this story there is a point where it all starts to change, the cat has had its eyes gouged out and you start to learn that the protagonist has a slight insane way about him. Another particularly noticeable difference in the build up of tension in the ‘Tell Tale’ which is different to ‘The Black Cat’ is that Poe uses repetition throughout the story of the planning of the murder. In ‘The Black Cat’ the protagonist tells you more about his past and what is in his mind; he has a more morel voice. He also uses a more sophisticated language, which gives the impression that he is a more educated man. Overall I think that Edgar Allen Poe is a talented author due to his ability to keep the reader interested and he can write such short stories, but they can get you thinking about them for a long time.

Movie Analysis The Game - 1829 Words

Technomancer (PS4) Review : Rating : 6/10 Synopsis: Technomancer, the highly anticipated single-player RPG introduced to both new-generation consoles and PC by Focus Home Interactive and ‘Spiders’ on the 28th of June, took it’s place on the line between an overrated masterpiece, and a wasteful letdown. This 2016 action role-playing game takes place on the historical planet of Mars, which is surprisingly teeming with life, similar to Spiders previous game, Mars: War Logs. Technomancer puts you in the shoes of an infamous technomancer, Zachariah, who later becomes a wanted man after being forced to flee his home, the Abundance, one of the many corporations on Mars, later ingame. The game, like many other role-playing games, starts you†¦show more content†¦In other words, Zachary, the Handsome Jack of Mars, flipped the script once his newly found arch nemesis gets him kicked out of his home. In exchange, the infamous technomancer travels the lands of Mars in hopes of defeating said villain. How coincidental. You take on a bundle of side quest, few actually pertaining to the story, while carrying out your main missions in order to progress the plot. Though don’t forget to take on those sidequest before moving too far, for uncompleted side quest disappear and become unavailable when certain main missions are completed. Overall, the story and the way it unfolds for technomancer may be overdone, but it contains it’s own twist and that s what gives it the gold star. But of course, the unexpected savior of mankind, aka the exiled technomancer, could not do this alone. So instead, he sought far beyond the harshlands of the Exchange with luck in finding multiple companions of different style and skills to aid him on his supposed twenty-five to thirty hour long journey. This also corresponds with the choices you have to occasionally make, giving your companions a chance to speak their mind when the time comes. Your choices will indeed have a direct and impactful influence on the narrative as the game progresses, as well as your personal gameplay experience when it comes to your reputation with both companions and the numerous factions. Due to this, your choices are not limited to just the game’s ending. As said before, theShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Game 989 Words   |  4 PagesThe game toggles back and forth with scenes that put the player in control of exploring the environment as well as following the games guideline. There ly es a moral misconception in the game where the player is introduced to believe their decisions effect a different outcome to how the storyline will turn out. Once starting each episode, a black screen displays the words, â€Å"This game series adapts to the choices you make. The story is tailored by how you play†. On the contrary to this seemingly straightforwardRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 891 Words   |  4 PagesSummarize the movie from a sociological perspective (approximately 1 page) : In the film of The Hunger Games, there are districts that are stratified, the bottom of the districts are those with the least amount of resources to survive. Those at the top control the resources by hosting an annual game that will test the strength and courage of two youth, â€Å"tributes,† to survive in a human hunting game. One male and one female are chosen at random from each district to participate in the game. There willRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Movie Hunger Games1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I will do a critical analysis of the movie â€Å"Hunger Games,† the short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† and Taylor Swift’s music video â€Å"Look What You Make Me Do† in terms of the use of symbolism, and the new self. 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Katniss intends to be the center of attention of this film, which gives the audiences a better insight of the movie, also revealing additional themes that the author is trying to convey. At first sight, this movie mayRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Hunger Games 2249 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause it determines which boy and girl, ages 12 to 18, will serve as the district’s tributes in the Hunger Games. Each of the 12 districts must draw two tributes, and those tributes are sent to an arena where they fight to the death until only one tribute remains alive. The victor’s district is given gifts, mainly food, and the victor returns home. The Capitol of Panem puts on the Games to remind and punish the 12 districts of the Dark Days, which was when the 13th district was destroyed for attemptingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Nina s Games 1652 Words   |  7 Pagesto them based on a true story game. Some are pretty silly and other are serious but most meet in the middle of those two but they are all honest about the topics that they are covering without sugar coating it. One of her most notable game that just went absolutely went viral last year is a ga me called How Do You Do It. Where you play as a young version of Nina and are mashing these dolls together to trying to figure out how sex works. Cibele like most off Nina’s games is on a true story about herselfRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Return Streak And Winning A Playoff Game 967 Words   |  4 Pagesbreaking Manassas’s losing streak and winning a playoff game. In this documentary there was a mental skill that stood out the most, in particular, group dynamics/ cohesion. Throughout the team’s football season coach Courtney helps the boys feel closer with their fellow teammates, thus, resulting in each individual to look out for one another. With that said, in the movie the team worked together to achieve a common goal which was to win a playoff game while also working on individual interpersonal relationshipsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Imitation Game By Alan Turing1334 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is socially appropriate? How or more so who decides what is appropriate? These questions have been asked, debated, and fought over since the dawn of civilization. The rhetor of the movie The Imitation Game integrates these questions into the true story of Alan Turing and the people around him. The rhetor allows these questions of appropriateness to be narrowed down to two very influential people in history to give these large, foundat ional questions a more personal touch, and for the audience