Free Essays on The Democratic Primary

The Democratic Primary Dynamic With the appointment of President of the United States drawing closer there are numerous individuals competing for the chance to be on the voting form. There are nine contenders for the Democratic Party endeavoring to pick up their gatherings favor for this respect. I will show the various strategies and procedures of the contenders for this essential political decision. They will force you and endeavor to pick up your help by each know strategy and play numerous mental games with people in general so as to accumulate support. I will separate the famous contenders and show their course of action. The Democratic Primary The appointment of 2004 is quickly drawing nearer and the Democratic Party is gathering their best for the race. There are nine applicants that are competing for the party’s underwriting. The law based essential will be a hard faced conflict and all the stops are being pulled so as to impact the voters. The applicants are utilizing each stunt in their arms stockpile to get votes. Every competitor except for Dennis Kucinich has a battle tune. The melodies are even used to influence the mentality of the voters, from Kerry’s â€Å"I Won’t Back Down† by Tom Petty to Gephardt’s â€Å"The Best† by Tina Turner. (WWW.MSNBC.COM) This crusade is boiling down to a mental fight with each up-and-comer utilizing every one of their capacities to influence the vote. John Kerry is utilizing the way that he was a Viet Nam veteran for his full potential benefit. In the Detroit banter when Lieberman interrogated him concerning casting a ballot against the $87 billion assignment for Iraq he addressed â€Å" Well, Joe, I have burned in me an encounter which you don’t have, and that’s the experience of being one of those soldiers on the cutting edges when the strategy has gone wrong.† He proceeded to clarify why his vote was a superior method to secure the soldiers, yet what made ... Free Essays on The Democratic Primary Free Essays on The Democratic Primary The Democratic Primary Theoretical With the appointment of President of the United States drawing closer there are numerous individuals competing for the chance to be on the polling form. There are nine contenders for the Democratic Party endeavoring to pick up their gatherings favor for this respect. I will show the various strategies and systems of the contenders for this essential political decision. They will constrain you and endeavor to pick up your help by each know strategy and play numerous mental games with people in general so as to accumulate support. I will separate the well known contenders and show their blueprint. The Democratic Primary The appointment of 2004 is quickly drawing nearer and the Democratic Party is gathering their best for the race. There are nine competitors that are competing for the party’s underwriting. The vote based essential will be a hard taken on conflict and all the stops are being pulled so as to impact the voters. The competitors are utilizing each stunt in their munititions stockpile to get votes. Every up-and-comer except for Dennis Kucinich has a crusade melody. The melodies are even used to influence the disposition of the voters, from Kerry’s â€Å"I Won’t Back Down† by Tom Petty to Gephardt’s â€Å"The Best† by Tina Turner. (WWW.MSNBC.COM) This crusade is boiling down to a mental fight with each competitor utilizing every one of their capacities to influence the vote. John Kerry is utilizing the way that he was a Viet Nam veteran for his full potential benefit. In the Detroit banter when Lieberman interrogated him regarding casting a ballot against the $87 billion appointment for Iraq he addressed â€Å" Well, Joe, I have burned in me an encounter which you don’t have, and that’s the experience of being one of those soldiers on the bleeding edges when the strategy has gone wrong.† He proceeded to clarify why his vote was a superior method to ensure the soldiers, however what made ...

A Study in to the Behavioural Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in Dissertation

A Study in to the Behavioral Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in a Manufacturing Organization - Dissertation Example The paper tells when the people and their conduct have begun progressively influencing the budgetary control process, there are conditions in which the changing budgetary control and execution desires influence the worker practices. Anyway it so happens that numerous associations receive to some degree robotic way to deal with the budgetary control process without the essential thought of the conduct parts of the people engaged with the entire procedure. Hopewood contends, â€Å"Ultimately all types of control must be communicated through the activities of individuals†. It is regularly overlooked that the objectives and destinations of the association must be cultivated with the assistance and backing of the people related with the association concerned. Consequently it turns out to be crucially significant that the impact of individual conduct on financial plan and the impact of spending plans on the individuals’ game-plan must be deliberately seen to achieve the targe ts of the association absent a lot of weight on representatives and officials at any degree of the association. The weight on people that is being applied by the budgetary procedure for fulfilling the exhibition guidelines must be constrained in its degree. In any case such weight itself will get unfavorable in boosting the commitment by the individual representatives. Also the standards and principles of execution ought to be fixed to such an extent that the representatives ought to have the option to achieve them with more endeavors. Any unreachable norms fixed by the budgetary procedure will lead just to dissatisfaction among the representatives.

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology

History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology Theories Behavioral Psychology Print History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 19, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 24, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.?? According to this school of thought, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner regardless of internal mental states.?? According to this perspective, only observable behavior should be consideredâ€"cognitions, emotions, and moods are far too subjective. Strict behaviorists believed that any person can potentially be trained to perform any task, regardless of genetic background, personality traits, and internal thoughts (within the limits of their physical capabilities). It only requires the right conditioning. Verywell / Jiaqi Zhou A Brief History of Behaviorism Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913 publication of John B. Watsons classic paper, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.?? It is best summed up by the following quote from Watson, who is often considered the father of behaviorism: Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might selectâ€"doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. Simply put, strict behaviorists believe that all behaviors are the result of experience. Any person, regardless of his or her background, can be trained to act in a particular manner given the right conditioning. From about 1920 through the mid-1950s, behaviorism grew to become the dominant school of thought in psychology. Some suggest that the popularity of behavioral psychology grew out of the desire to establish psychology as an objective and measurable science. Researchers were interested in creating theories that could be clearly described and empirically measured but also used to make contributions that might have an influence on the fabric of everyday human lives. Types of Conditioning There are two major types of conditioning: Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally occurring stimulus presenting itself. The associated stimulus is then known as the conditioned stimulus and the learned behavior is known as the conditioned response.?? Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. When a desirable result follows an action, the behavior becomes more likely to occur again in the future. Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again in the future.?? What Should Know About Behavioral Psychology Strengths Focuses on observable, measurable behaviors Scientific and replicable Useful for modifying behaviors in the real-world Useful applications in therapy, education, parenting, child care Weaknesses Does not account for biological influences Does not consider moods, thoughts, or feelings Does not explain all learning Learning can occur through associations. In physiologist Ivan Pavlovs classic experiments, dogs associated the presentation of food (something that naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response) with the sound of a bell, at first, and then the sight of a lab assistants white coat. Eventually, the lab coat alone elicited a salivation response from the dogs.?? The classical conditioning process works by developing an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Different factors can influence the classical conditioning process. During the first part of the classical conditioning process, known as acquisition, a response is established and strengthened. Factors such as the prominence of the stimuli and the timing of presentation can play an important role in how quickly an association is formed. When an association disappears, this is known as extinction, causing the behavior to weaken gradually or vanish. Factors such as the strength of the original response can play a role in how quickly extinction occurs. The longer a response has been conditioned, for example, the longer it may take for it to become extinct.?? Learning can also occur through rewards and punishments. Behaviorist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning as the process in which learning can occur through reinforcement and punishment.?? More specifically, by forming an association between a certain behavior and the consequences of that behavior, you learn. For example, if a parent rewards their child with praise every time they pick up their toys, the desired behavior is consistently reinforced. As a result, the child will become more likely to clean up messes. Reinforcement schedules are important in operant conditioning. This process seems fairly straight forwardâ€"simply observe a behavior and then offer a reward or punishment. However, Skinner discovered that the timing of these rewards and punishments has an important influence on how quickly a new behavior is acquired and the strength of the corresponding response.?? Continuous reinforcement involves rewarding every single instance of a behavior. It is often utilized at the beginning of the operant conditioning process. But as the behavior is learned, the schedule might switch to one of partial reinforcement. This involves offering a reward after a number of responses or after a period of time has elapsed. Sometimes, partial reinforcement occurs on a consistent or fixed schedule. In other instances, a variable and an unpredictable number of responses or time must occur before the reinforcement is delivered. Several thinkers influenced behavioral psychology. In addition to those already mentioned, there are a number of prominent theorists and psychologists who left an indelible mark on behavioral psychology. Among these are Edward Thorndike, a pioneering psychologist who described the law of effect, and Clark Hull, who proposed the drive theory of learning.?? There are a number of therapeutic techniques rooted in behavioral psychology. Though behavioral psychology assumed more of a background position after 1950, its principles still remain important. Even today, behavior analysis is often used as a therapeutic technique to help children with autism and developmental delays acquire new skills. It frequently involves processes such as shaping (rewarding closer approximations to the desired behavior) and chaining (breaking a task down into smaller parts and then teaching and chaining the subsequent steps together).?? Other behavioral therapy techniques include aversion therapy, systematic desensitization, token economies, modeling, and contingency management. Behavioral psychology has some strengths. Behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, so it is sometimes easier to quantify and collect data when conducting research. Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive behavioral intervention, behavior analysis, token economies, and discrete trial training are all rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and adults.?? It also has some weaknesses. Many critics argue that behaviorism is a one-dimensional approach to understanding human behavior. Critics of behaviorism suggest that behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts, and feelings.?? Also, it does not account for other types of learning that occur without the use of reinforcement and punishment. Moreover, people and animals can adapt their behavior when new information is introduced even if that behavior was established through reinforcement. Behavioral psychology differs from other perspectives. One of the major benefits of behaviorism is that it allowed researchers to investigate observable behavior in a scientific and systematic manner. However, many thinkers believed it fell short by neglecting some important influences on behavior. Freud, for example, felt that behaviorism failed by not accounting for the unconscious minds thoughts, feelings, and desires that influence peoples actions. Other thinkers, such as Carl Rogers and the other humanistic psychologists, believed that behaviorism was too rigid and limited, failing to take into consideration personal agency. More recently, biological psychology has emphasized the power of the brain and genetics play in determining and influencing human actions. The cognitive approach to psychology focuses on mental processes such as thinking, decision-making, language, and problem-solving. In both cases, behaviorism neglects these processes and influences in favor of studying just observable behaviors.?? One of the greatest strengths of behavioral psychology is the ability to clearly observe and measure behaviors. Weaknesses of this approach include failing to address cognitive and biological processes that influence human actions. A Word From Verywell While the behavioral approach might not be the dominant force that it once was, it has still had a major impact on our understanding of human psychology. The conditioning process alone has been used to understand many different types of behaviors, ranging from how people learn to how language develops. But perhaps the greatest contributions of behavioral psychology lie in its practical applications. Its techniques can play a powerful role in modifying problematic behavior and encouraging more positive, helpful responses. Outside of psychology, parents, teachers, animal trainers, and many others make use of basic behavioral principles to help teach new behaviors and discourage unwanted ones.

Relationships Between Employees And Employers - 851 Words

1. The main points of chapter five are relationships between employees and employers are very important to a company. It is important for the company to build loyalty, trust, and long-term relationships to motivate employees to perform their best. Training and development can be used not just for new employees, but also on current employees. This allows current employees to prepare themselves for new roles and responsibilities. From this employees will learn new responsibilities and feel motivated to produce more. Also, this will promote teamwork within the company by building upon relationships and coming up with creative ways to produce products. The main ideas for chapter six are that the world of Human Resouces is changing. The human resource department needs to come up with new ways to retain employees and that each company is different with their needs and wants. There are many areas a professional could specialize in such as training and development. Which this person specia lizes in staffing, performance management, learning, and development. On the other hand, a person could specialize in operations. This person will specialize in health care and pensions, HR information technology, policies, or contract services. It is important for employees to learn from experiences many learn more when he or she is put into a situation. Having employees go through different situations will help Human Resources understand his or her abilities and skills to be able to achieve theShow MoreRelatedEffective Management Of The Relationship Between Employers And Employees1269 Words   |  6 PagesResearch into the effective management of the relationship between employers and employees has yielded many management theories that have helped shaped the present business landscape. These different theories have allowed managers to organise and manage people the way they best see fit. Two enduring management approaches are based off the Human Relations Management Theory and th e Scientific Management Theory. Both theories address the issue of workplace optimisation with eminently different focusesRead MoreManagement of the Employer-Employee Relationship1520 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The relationship between employer and employees plays a pivotal role in the performance of the organization. Employers and employees have certain responsibilities towards each other which facilitate a fair and productive workplace. Positive work relationships create a cooperative climate with effort towards the same goals. Conflict, on the other hand, is likely to divert attention away from organizational performance. Unnecessary conflict may be prevented through employee involvementRead MoreThroughout The Progression Of Time Labor Has Shifted From962 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice work. Hence, several acts came to light to protect employees from unfair treatment at work. 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It is an incredibly dense and diverse are of law that helps protects both employers and employees. There areRead MoreSchool Of Business : Assignment1386 Words   |  6 Pagesaggregate total human physical and mental output used in production of good and services. To ensure smooth production activities, a company must maintain a healthy working relationship between itself and the employees. It’s important to note that workers use different ways to communicate their grievances towards their employers, they parade protests, strikes and engage their trade unions to demand for better working conditions and increase of salaries. This has often resulted to crisis in the labourRead MoreHow Employee Engagement Can Single Handedly Make Or Break An Organization843 Words   |  4 PagesResource Management, we study the foundations and principles by which an organization operates and conducts business. We also study the internal behavior of the organization. This includes studying the chain of command and the relationship between how employers treat their employees according to the o rganization’s moral values and what is expected of them by society’s ethical standards and by the regulations that the federal government imposes upon them. Although we touch upon the basics of HRM, we failRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Process For A Job Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesRecruiting employees with the right skill can add value to the business. As well, recruiting a workforce at a wage or salary that is suitable for them and an organisation can afford can reduce the costs hence high profitability, so employees should always be carefully selected, managed and retained like any other resource. The recruitment process The first stage, you define the requirements by job description or job specification The second stage, you have to attract the potential employees by advertingRead MoreEmployment Relationship Is Critical Within The Workplace1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Employment relationship is critical within the workplace as it plays a central role in the quality of the workers’ lives and in the performance of the organisation. Employment relationship is defined as simply the relationship between the employee and the employer. Having a strong employment relationship positively impacts the organisation as a whole, influencing the job satisfaction, skill use and development, workplace morale, and the worker absenteeism (Lowe, G. Schellenberg, G. 2001). HoweverRead MoreHrm: Psychological Contract1159 Words   |  5 Pagesof the employee and employer towards each other; the expectations an employee has of the organisation and the expectations the organisation has of the employee and the reciprocal promises in that relationship. This helps to set out the aims and objectives i n the company for the work to be done professionally. The employee has different contents and outputs for the business as to the employer. The employee seeks for fairness followed by an output of behaviour, whilst the employer seeks for trust andRead MoreA Change in Business Ethics: The Impact on Employer–Employee Relations1180 Words   |  5 PagesA Change in Business Ethics: The Impact on Employer–Employee Relations Business ethics is the behavior that a business adheres to in its daily dealings with the world. The ethics of a particular business can be diverse. They apply not only to how the business interacts with the world at large, but also to their one-on-one dealings with a single customer. In the recent decades, business ethics has become the platform on which the whole business rest on. Any disturbance to this base has and will

Exploring Alienation and Conformity in the Metamorphosis

In The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka conveys the series of emotional and psychological repercussions of a physical transformation that befalls the protagonist, a young salesman called Gregor Samsa. As the story progresses, Gregor finds himself unfairly stigmatized, cruelly rejected because of his clear inability to financially support his family, and consequently increasingly isolated. Through extensive use of symbolism, Kafka is able to relate the surreal and absurd, seemingly arbitrary events of this short story to a general critique of society-particularly on the alienating effects that conformity generates. On a broader level, the combined themes-which include the themes of conformity, freedom, and alienation--found throughout The†¦show more content†¦As a young child, he was a lone Jew attending a German school-which no doubt forced him to learn the value of conformity from an early age. As for Gregor, his family refuses to associate with him any longer and casually discar ds him because he is useless and perceived as different; i.e., dangerous. As such, the family finds this nonconformity almost threatening to their existence. A particularly pivotal and heartbreaking moment in Gregors life occurs when his own beloved sister is asha! med of Gregor: Things cannot go on any longer in this way...I say only that we must try to get rid of it. We have tried what is humanly possible to take care of it and to be patient...I believe that no one can criticize us in the slightest...it is killing you both. I see it coming. When people have to work as hard as we all do, they cannot also tolerate Cheng 4 this endless torment at home. I just cant go on any more...this animal plagues us. It drives away the lodgers, will obviously take over the entire apartment, and leave us to spend the night in the lane. (Kafka) Basically, Grete is willing to kill her own blood relation purely based upon his unusual, repulsive appearance. However, despite the constant threat of exte rmination, his thoughts remain surprisingly selfless; he did not have any notion of wishing to create problems for anyone and certainly not for his sister...he felt a great pride that he had been able to provide such a life in aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s Life1811 Words   |  8 PagesLaborers. For the purpose of exploring this story, the Masons can be considered the intellects and the Day Laborers are the unconcerned. As one is informed of the time consuming technique used in the construction, one may notice the separation the Masons began to feel regarding their work. The focus on witnessing a finished product often distressed the Masons and caused unproductivity and dissatisfaction. Kafka is clearly drawing from Karl Marx’s theory of alienation. As the story progresses, KafkaRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfor getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. pr ovide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect

Best Practices for Diverse Learners Free Essays

Best Practices for Diverse Learners The society of the United States of America Is culturally diverse. This diversity reflects on the demographics that our schools have. Every school leader needs to understand the diversity that exists at their schools. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Practices for Diverse Learners or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understanding the diversity will determine how professional educators meet the difficulties or handles everyday situations that school generates. Understanding this cultural composition is not enough. There must be a group of leaders, teachers, researchers and other stakeholders committed to deal with the educational processes that English language earners face. I selected this group because In my teaching career I have observed that many efforts have been made to reach this group, but ELLS continue to struggle to meet the standards. According to Miller (201 1), educators who create culturally relevant learning contexts are those who see students’ culture as an asset, not a detriment to their success (p. 69). I feel passionate about the potential and the richness that these students can bring to the classroom. Therefore, I have to peruse the following question: What strategies can be developed by leaders to engage ELL dents to become life long learners and ensure academic success? Leadership that fosters culturally diverse settings will result into a positive climate that will impact students’ achievement. Future Focused Plan As a future focused leader I understand the great need of developing radical alternative that can represent an option for English language learners. Therefore, I suggest a strategic plan to develop a choice program. This choice program will be known as Dual Language Academy. This choice program will be a campus that will exclusively offers a two-way dual language model. This choice program will offer to English-speaking children and minority language speakers learn together in the same classroom, with the goals of bilingualism, bilaterally, cross-cultural understanding, and high academic achievement for all (Landholding-Leary 2001). The first step of this plan is to assess the area demographics to identify the needs of parents, children and the community. According to Brandenburg (2009) approximately 20% of all public school students speak a language other than English at home, which accounts for more than 10 million students. Second, Identify and Involve key stakeholders. These stakeholders have an important role in order for the program to be successful. Here and Eifel (2007), provided a promising suggestion so that schools can help students succeed academically: expand stakeholder involvement beyond the school itself. During this process a leadership team will be established. Members of this team could consist of Superintendent, School Board members, school administrators, resource staff, teachers (bilingual and monolingual), and parents. Third, design and obtain an approval of a budget that supports the implementation of the program. The budget must include areas that are not typically noninsured in traditional schools. For example, testing materials in two languages, supplemental classroom and library materials in the target language, external evaluator, specialized professional development and marketing. Additionally, the Implementation of a strong parental Involvement Initiative, for example Parental and families still experience power differences and conflicts in their relationships with school personnel (Reynolds, 2010). It is important to involve parents and community from the beginning, and encourage them to volunteer in the classroom and learn as much as they can about the program. As Cummins (2000), argues, we do indeed need to transform bilingual programs from subtractive, deficit-oriented transitional programs to additive, enrichment-oriented dual-language programs that are desirable even to the most elite. A dual language program can offer an alternative for ELLS to develop critical thinking skill and simultaneously acquire the English language. An additional benefit is to offer a choice program to monolingual students to become bilingual, obliterate and bacterial in order to face the challenges of the global society. Forces, Detractors and Tensions In times that accountability and policymaking are presents in the educational system many forces, detractors and tensions can be encountered. According to Ackermann (201 1), the ability to communicate clearly, confidently, and compassionately and through a variety of media, during prolonged or recurring periods when finances and resources are diminishing, is an essential skill for supervisors in student services (p. 6). Clear communication with stakeholders is the key to implement a productive initiative. While conducting the literature review for this assignment an interesting detractor was identified. Researchers have identified as a possible trend of segregation as a consequence of a not well-balanced dual language program. As a future-focused leader this is an aspect that needs to be taken in consideration when developing the objectives of a two-way dual language program. According to Palmer (2010) we need to explore questions regarding equity of access, equitable delivery of services, and equitable treatment in the classroom (p. 110). Equity must be the primary principle in order to provide multidimensional realm of opportunities for diverse academic environment. Conclusion Finally, the educational field bases its decisions in the value that it is given to data that have been collected and analyzed. School leaders need to be able to develop the ability to balance their performance with what it entails to be an effective leader. Schools need to elaborate efforts that develop a conversation on the importance in acknowledging diversity as an essential tool to increase academic performance by the development of effective educational alternatives. A dual language model can be the key to reach the future academic success for all English language learners. Cummins, Jim. (02000). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Cleveland, England:Multilingual Matters. Brandenburg, E. (2009). The Demographic Context of Urban Schools and Districts. Equity Excellence In Education, 42(3), 255-271. Here, K. D. , Eifel, A. (2007). Extending the responsibilities for schools beyond the school door. Policy Futures in Education, 5,567-580. Landholding-Leary, Kathy. (2001). Dual Language Education. Cleveland, England: Multilingual Matters. Miller, H. (2011). Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Diverse Urban Classroom. Urban Review: Issues And Ideas In Public Education, 43(1), 66-89. Palmer, D. (2010). Race, Power, and Equity in a Multivalent Urban Elementary School with a Dual-Language â€Å"Strand† Program. Anthropology Education Quarterly, 41(1), 94-114. Reynolds, R. (2010). â€Å"They think you’re lazy’ and other messages Black parents send their Black sons: An exploration of critical race theory in the examination of educational outcomes for Black males. Journal of African American Males in Education, 1(2), 144-163. Ackermann, T. (2011). Dynamics of Supervision. New Directions For Student services, (1 36), 5-16. How to cite Best Practices for Diverse Learners, Papers

Microscopy and the Metric System free essay sample

Why? Chemicals could go into your mouth, which is potentially dangerous and should never be done no matter if they deemed â€Å"safe† or not. Weight: Use the pen scale from the lab kit to measure out exactly three grams of sugar. Make sure to tare the bag before adding the sugar. Why must the bag be tared before adding the sugar? This is done so the weight of the bag is not counted with the weight of the sugar. You must think about the weight of the bag when weighing out the three grams of sugar. How is the weight of the bag accounted for when the sugar is weighed? The bag is weighed first and then the 3 g of sugar is added on top of that weight so at the end the weight is more than 3g total due to the bag. Temperature: Practice converting the following with this conversion formula: 45 °F = 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Microscopy and the Metric System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2  °C 62 °F =16. 7  °C 98. 6 °F =37 °C Use a Celsius thermometer to measure the  °C temperature of several different aliquots of cold and warm tap water. Make sure to allow the thermometer to remain until the temperature is stable and no longer changes. Record the temperatures: Cold-15 °C Warm 29 °C Hot- 48 °C Questions A. What laboratory equipment would be used to measure the following items? g flour| Beaker and scale| 36 mL water| Graduated cylinder| The length of a frog’s leg| ruler| 36 g water| Beaker/balance| 38? C| thermometer| Volume of a turtle*| Water displacement| 125? F| thermometer| Volume of blood| Graduated cylinder| Weight of a plant| Bag and scale| Weight of blood| Beaker and scale| Temperature of a fish’s body| thermometer| Temperature of blood| thermometer| *This answer may require some creativity. How could it be done? B. Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following me asurements, and the final answers. Use U. S. and liquid units where appropriate. 248 g| = 248,000 mg| 145,000 ? L| = 145mL| 536 mL| = 536 cc| 0. 372 kg| = 372 g| 0. 75 L| = 750,000 ? L| 20. 39 cm| = . 2039 m| 145,000? L*(10^-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 145,000? L*(10^-6L /1? L)*(1000mL/1L)=145mL .372kg*(1000g/1kg)=372g 20. 39cm*(1m/100cm)=. 2039m 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10^-6L)=750000 ? L 248g*(1000mg/1g)=248,000mg 536mL*(1cc/1mL)=536cc 0. 75L*(1? L/10^-6L)=750000 ? L C. Provide the calculation steps, including the conversion factor that would be needed to convert the following measurements, and the final answers. Use US and liquid units where appropriate. 3 cups= . 711 L7,893 mg = . 0174 lb 2. 25 oz= 66. 53 cc36? C= 96. 8 ? F 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 7893mg*(1lb/453592mg)=0. 0174lb 36? C*(9/5)+32=96. 8? F (96? F-32)*(5/9)=35. 56? C 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 3 cups*(. 237L/1cup)=. 711L 2. 25oz*(29. 57cc/1oz)=66. 53cc 145,000uL*(1tsp/4928. 92uL)= 29. 42tsp 45,000 uL = 29. 42 tsp96? F= 35. 56 ? C D. What advantages does the metric system have over the English method of measurement? What are the disadvantages? The metric system is advantageous because it has a base of ten, making measurements easier to take, read, understand, and convert. The prefixes are also standard so they transfer between all measurements. Also, more co untries use the metric system whereas basically only the US uses the English method. The main disadvantage of the metric system is that Americans have not grown up with these measurements so they are harder to picture and understand what distance, weight, etc. ach measurement is. For example, it is much easier for most Americans to understand the distance of a mile than to try and picture how long a kilometer is. E. Outline the steps necessary to accurately weigh 3. 5 g of starch. This depends on the scale used, but with the pen scale included in the labpaq, tare a bag or other container that can be used. Then add in the starch until the weight on the scale reads the weight of the container plus 3. 5 g. F. Outline the steps necessary to accurately pipet 5 mL of distilled water. Pour an aliquot of distilled water into a clean beaker. Put a little more than 5mL of distilled water in a beaker. Pipet 5mL from the beaker, and check to see if the bottom of the meniscus lines up with the 5mL line. Exercise 2: Microscopy The compound light microscope effectively magnifies in the range of 40x to 2000x. If an object under view is 10 nm in length without any magnification, what will be its viewing size at 40x? 400nm at 2000x? 20 ? m What is the equivalent size at these magnifications, in inches? Show your calculations. 400nm*(1cm/10^7nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 1. 57*10^-5 in. 20? m*(1cm/10^4? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 7. 87*10^-4 in. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) employs electron bombardment to image very small specimens. Electron microscopes are used to image specimens that range from 1 nm to 100  µm in size. What is the equivalent in inches? . Show your calculations. 1nm*(1cm/10^7nm)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 3. 94*10^-8 in. 100 ? m*(1cm/10^4? m)*(1in/2. 54cm)= 0. 0039 in. Procedure 1. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope: Refer to a microscope as this section is read. Label the microscope diagram that follows as the examination of the microscope proceeds. a. Eyepiece (Ocular Lens): The magnification power is stamped on the outside of the lens. What is the power of the ocular lens? Microscopes may have interchangeable ocular lenses of different magnification. 15x b. Body Tube: Holds the ocular and objective lenses at the correct focal distance. c. Arm: Used to transport microscope and hold the body tube. d. Nosepiece: The revolving device that holds the objective lenses. May also be referred to as the turret. e. Objective Lenses: Consists of one or more lenses: i. The scanning power objective lens is the shortest of the lenses. What is its power? 4x ii. The low-power objective is slightly longer than the scanning objective. What is its power? 10x iii. The high-power objective is longer than the low-power objective. What is its power? 40x Label this microscope diagram with the appropriate part names and their functions: Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lenses Course adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see what’s on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything Eye piece- lens that you look through Body tube- Piece that leaves distance between lenses Course adjustment knob- adjusts focus Nosepiece- turns the lenses Objective lenses- magnify objects Stage- holds slides Mirror- reflects light so you can see what’s on the slides Base- bottom of microscope allowing stability Arm- Supports the tube and connects everything a b c d e f g h i Parts not included in microscope are: Light source Source: Sharma, Abhishake. Labeled Microscope Drawing. N. d. Buzzle. com. 2. Focusing the Microscope: If the microscope includes an oil immersion lens, place a drop of immersion oil on the slide cover slip before rotating the lens into place. The function of the oil is to minimize light diffraction through the slide and subject so that greater detail can be seen. After using the oil immersion lens, clean excess oil off of the lens and the slide with a lens cloth. Never tilt a microscope when using oil or if viewing a wet slide. Why? The liquid could come off of the slide and get into a place in the microscope that isn’t good for it, and it will be messy also. 3. Operating the Microscope: a. Obtain a clean slide and cover slip from the slide box. Place the slide and cover slip separately on a paper towel or other soft surface to reduce the possibility of scratching them. . With scissors, cut a letter â€Å"e† from an old magazine or newspaper. c. Place the letter in the center of the slide. d. Follow the instructions in Section 6 below to make a wet mount of the letter. e. Following the directions outlined above under Handling and Focusing the Microscope, place the prepared slide on the microscope stage. Leav e the scanning lens in place and focus so that the letter is clearly viewable. Make drawings of the letter in the boxes below as instructed. Side of the slide furthest away from student| Look from the side of the microscope, viewand then draw the letter here, as it appears onthe slide on the stage. | e e Draw the letter here as it appears when viewing it through the microscope. | Side of the slide closest to student| f. What is observed? Microscopes invert the image on the slide. This means that the subject will appear to be 180 ° rotated and reversed from the actual image viewed on the slide. g. While viewing the letter through the lenses, move the slide slightly. What do you observe about the movement of the letter and slide when viewed through the lenses? When I move the slide up, what I’m viewing moves down. When I move the slide to the left, the image moves right. . Use the directions above to view the letter at the higher objective powers. On the drawing made above, c ircle the portion of the letter that is viewable as successively higher power observations are made. What is your conclusion about what happens when higher power objectives are used? Only a piece of the top part is viewable. Higher power objectives magnify the image more. 4. Total Magnification Calculation: Typically, the ocular lens of a microscope will be 10x, but it may be higher or lower. The power is recorded on the side of the lens. a. What is the ocular lens power of the microscope that you are using? It may be 10x or 15x. Record it in Table 1. b. The objective lenses also have the magnification power recorded on their sides. What powers do the objective lenses on the microscope have? Record them in Table 1. c. Now, calculate the total magnification of the viewing area by multiplying the power of the ocular lens with that of the objective lens in use. For instance, if a microscope has a 10x magnification ocular lens and a 4x objective lens in place for viewing, the total magnification will be 40x (10x multiplied by 4x). What other view magnifications are possible with the microscope? Calculate the total magnification for each set of lenses in Table 1. Table 1: Calculating Magnification Ocular Lens Magnification x| Objective LensesMagnification =| Total Magnification| 15x| 4x| 60x| | 10x| 150x| | 40x| 600x| 5. Diameter of Field: a. With the low-power objective in viewing position, place a short transparent metric ruler on the stage. b. While viewing the ruler through the lenses, measure the low-power diameter of field of view in mm. Convert this measurement to ? m and record in Table 2. c. Switch to the other higher power objectives, noting the diameter, in mm, for each in Table 2. Convert measurements to ? m. How might this information be useful when viewing microscopic subjects? Micrometers are smaller, so it is useful for very small objects when mm would be a very small number that wouldn’t be very understandable. Table 2: Diameter of a Viewing Field | Magnification(ocular x objective lens’powers)| mm diameterof field of view| ? m diameter *of field of view| Scanning Lens| 60x| 2mm| 2000 ? m| Low Power Lens| 150x| 1mm| 1000 ? m| High Power Lens| 600x| Can’t tell,